ABSTRACT
The aim of this COVID-19 Practical Manual for the prevention, detection, control and surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 is to standardize and regulate the best strategy for the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infections. All of this to provide better care quality to patients and their families/caregivers, and to promote a safe working environment for health personnel within the institution. The manual has been prepared with the aim of guiding health personnel in decision-making for the prevention, detection, control and surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infections. This document describes various multidisciplinary care algorithms in different scenarios, considering the recommendations for isolation, use of personal protective equipment, transfer within various services in the hospital, admission to procedures and recommendations for healthcare personnel. Copyright © 2022 Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez. Publicado por Permanyer.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic represents one of the most severe challenges in the recent history of public health. The aim of this study is to estimate the transmission rate parameter (beta) and to predict the epidemic progression in Spain. We integrated data from Our World in Data. Our model considered a mean time from infection to death to be 24 days and the results of the seroprevalence survey in Spain. We calculated beta using a SEIR model estimated by least squares. We also used a SEIR model to evaluate four scenarios: 1) model 1: no containment measures, 2) model 2: containment measures from the beginning of the epidemic, 3) model 3: mild measures since the 20th day, 4) model 4: strict containment measures since the 20th day. The estimated beta parameter was 1.087. We calculated 41,210,330 infected people and 725,302 deaths in model 1;165,036 infected people and 2,905 deaths in model 2;4,640,400 infected people and 81,671 deaths in model 3;and, 62.012 infected people and 1,091 deaths in model 4. Peak of the epidemic varied from 69th day in model 1 to 216th day in model 4. Containment measures prevented a scenario with a significant increase in deaths and infected people. Our findings showed that, by stricter interventions such as quarantine and isolation could lead to reduce the potential peak number of COVID-19 cases and delay the time of peak infection.
ABSTRACT
Background: In modern health systems, emergency services (ES) constitute one of the cornerstones of health care, and they have an essential role in the conception of current health services. The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of sociodemographic characteristics and clinical factors in the use of ES.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the association of chronic diseases and indigenous ethnicity on the poor prognosis of outpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and hospitalised patients in Mexico. STUDY DESIGN: The study design is an observational study of consecutive COVID-19 cases that were treated in Mexican healthcare units and hospitals between February 27 and April 27, 2020. METHODS: Epidemiological, clinical and sociodemographic data were analysed from outpatients and hospitalised patients. Cox regression models were used to analyse the risk of mortality after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. RESULTS: In total, 15,529 patients with COVID-19 were characterised; 62.6% of patients were aged older than 40 years, 57.8% were men and 1.4% were of indigenous ethnicity. A high proportion had a history of diabetes (18.4%), hypertension (21.9%) and obesity (20.9%). Among hospitalised patients, 11.2% received health care in the intensive care unit. Advanced age, male sex, indigenous ethnicity and having a history of chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes and obesity, were significantly associated with a high risk of death after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Diabetes and obesity were the comorbidities most highly associated with death through the models used in this study. Moreover, living in Mexico City and Mexico State (where there is easy access to medical services) and walking (rather than driving or getting public transport) were negatively associated with mortality after SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes, hypertension and obesity combined with older age, male sex and indigenous ethnicity increase the risk of death after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Mexican population. It is recommended that the incidence of COVID-19 is monitored in indigenous communities, and access to health services is increased nationwide.